Modifiers change the sentence meaning. Limiting modifiers get their name because they specify conditions that restrict the word they are modifying. This error often occurs with words like \u201conly,\u201d \u201cjust,\u201d and \u201calmost.\u201d Here is an example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\nIt\u2019s just<\/strong> not the best phone available right now.<\/p>\nIn this sentence, the speaker doesn\u2019t like the phone and believes there are better options available. <\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n\nIt\u2019s not just<\/strong> the best phone available right now.<\/p>\nIn this sentence, the speaker likes the phone\u2014and also feels that it has more benefits than just being the \u201cbest,\u201d like maybe it\u2019s also the cheapest or newest.<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n\nMy sister only<\/strong> eats the green candies. <\/p>\nAs the sentence stands, it is stating that the writer\u2019s sister does nothing but eat green candies\u2014she doesn\u2019t sleep or work or do anything but eat candy. You could also assume the modifier \u201conly\u201d applies to the rest of the sentence (eats the green candies), in which case, she doesn\u2019t sell the candy or deliver the candy\u2014she only eats it. Similar to misplaced modifiers, this error can often be amended by moving the modifier closer to the word it should be modifying, but sometimes you need to add words for clarification:<\/em>
CORRECT: <\/em>Only<\/strong> my sister eats the green candies.<\/em>
CORRECT: My <\/em>only<\/strong> sister eats the green candies.<\/em>
CORRECT: When she has a bag of jelly beans, my sister eats <\/em>only<\/strong> the green candies.<\/em><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\nThese examples demonstrate how moving a word in a sentence changes the meaning of the sentence. Consider, for instance, how the meaning shifts below as the placement of “only” shifts in the sentence. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Also, consider the shifts in meaning in the following sentences. Note the word only<\/em><\/strong> modifies the next word or phrase in the sentence: <\/p>\n\n\n\nOnly <\/strong>John said he loved Susan.<\/p>\n\n\n\nJohn was the only one who said it. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
John only <\/strong>said he loved Susan. <\/p>\n\n\n\nPerhaps he didn\u2019t mean it?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
John said only <\/strong>he loved Susan. <\/p>\n\n\n\nDoes he even like her? No. Just love. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
John said he loved only <\/strong>Susan. John said he loved Susan only<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\nApparently, Susan is the only one for John. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Note: If \u201conly\u201d is the final word in the sentence, it refers to the previous word or phrase. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
A Note on YOLO<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nThe phrase YOLO has been used as a short version of \u201cYou only live once.\u201d The users of this phrase think that this sequence of words suggests that they are living in the moment–because you only have one to live, live in the moment, seize the day (carpe diem<\/em>), etc. This sentiment, however, is not what YOLO tells the listener. Think of how the word \u201conly\u201d works–it modifies the word after it in the sentence. <\/p>\n\n\n\nYou only <\/strong>live once. <\/p>\n\n\n\nThis sentence says that the only thing you will do once in your life is live. Everything else in life, you must do twice. Skydiving? Do it again. Awful breakup? Twice. YOLO tattoo? Get two of them. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Joe almost <\/strong>won $100. (He came close to winning the contest, but he lost.)<\/p>\n\n\n\nJoe won almost <\/strong>$100. (Perhaps he won $99 or so.)<\/p>\n\n\n\nThis new device just <\/strong>costs $50. (This placement is awkward and unclear.)<\/p>\n\n\n\nThis new device costs just <\/strong>$50. (This sentence implies that the price is surprisingly low.)<\/p>\n\n\n\nI was just <\/strong>driving slightly over the speed limit, but I got a ticket, anyway. (The placement is awkward and unclear. When did this happen? Recently? Or, does this mean that the speaker was only driving\u2014not texting, not on the phone, etc.?)<\/p>\n\n\n\nI was driving just <\/strong>slightly over the speed limit, but I got a ticket anyway. (Perhaps the driver was clocked at 58 mph in a 55 mph zone.)<\/p>\n\n\n\nI was just <\/strong>calling you, and I didn’t expect you to be offended. (The call isn\u2019t a big deal.)<\/p>\n\n\n\nI was just <\/strong>calling you, and then you walked into my office. (The call happened recently. Or, it could also mean that the call isn\u2019t a big deal.)<\/p>\n\n\n\nI was just <\/strong>now calling you, and then you walked into my office. (The call happened recently.)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAdditional Examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- Only<\/strong><\/em> I am willing to work with him. (Others won’t work with him).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- I only<\/strong><\/em> want to work with him. (I’d refer to work with him).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- I want only<\/strong> him to work with me. (I’ll only work with him)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n